How Mitochondria Enhance T-Cell Function in Cancer and Chronic Infections

In a recent study published in Nature Immunology, researchers led by Navdeep Chandel, Ph.D., have uncovered how mitochondrial metabolism promotes T-cell growth and prevents T-cell exhaustion during cancer and chronic infections. The findings offer valuable insights into how mitochondria support optimal T-cell function and could lead to the development of targeted immunotherapies. The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is crucial for generating energy in cells by transferring electrons and producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Past work from Chandel's lab established that ETC function is vital for CD8+ T-cells, which are immune cells targeting cancer and viral infections. However, the specific mechanisms of how mitochondrial ETC supports CD8+ T-cell activity and multiplication have remained elusive - until now.