Antacids are over‑the‑counter medicines that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn or indigestion.
While they offer quick comfort, frequent or prolonged use can trigger side effects that depend on the specific antacid active ingredient.
Calcium‑based antacids, such as calcium carbonate, often lead to constipation and gas. Aluminum compounds can produce similar bowel concerns.
Patients worried about constipation may prefer products without calcium or aluminum. If unsure, ask a pharmacist to check ingredients.
To reduce constipation if using calcium or aluminum antacids, increase dietary fiber—whole grains, legumes, nuts, fruits, and vegetables—and stay well hydrated.
Magnesium‑containing antacids, like magnesium hydroxide, can cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping, especially at higher doses or with regular use.
Those experiencing loose stools may want to avoid magnesium compounds.
Taking large amounts or long‑term can upset the balance of electrolytes—calcium, magnesium, or aluminum—in the body.
An electrolyte disturbance can affect the heart, muscles, nerves, and kidneys. Hypercalcemia, for example, can manifest as weakness, fatigue, confusion, and bone pain.
Common signs of an electrolyte imbalance include:
- ⦁ Dizziness
- ⦁ Muscle cramps
- ⦁ Irregular heartbeat
- ⦁ Confusion
In some cases, calcium antacids may foster kidney stone formation, the most frequent type of stone. Symptoms can include:
- ⦁ Sudden, severe back or side pain
- ⦁ Groin discomfort
- ⦁ Blood in urine
- ⦁ Burning sensation during urination
The risk rises if you combine calcium supplements with a calcium antacid. Check with a healthcare provider before pairing them.
Excessive use of aluminum antacids can lead to calcium loss and decreased bone density, heightening osteoporosis risk. Discuss use with a provider if concerned about bone health.
Key points to remember when taking antacids:
- Consult a healthcare professional before selecting an antacid; not all are safe for everyone.
- Antacids are meant for short‑term or occasional relief, not daily or chronic use.
- If you rely heavily on antacids, talk to a provider about alternative treatments, further testing, or prescription options.
- Consider lifestyle changes—avoiding trigger foods, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight—to reduce heartburn in the first place.